Trade Tension: China Launches Anti-Dumping Case Against United States

2010年12月28日，中国商务部（MOFCOM）开始对蒸馏器干谷物的进口有或没有溶液（DDG（S））进行反倾销调查。

Production of the feed co-product, which is derived from corn during the ethanol making process, has increased steadily in the United States over the past three years. Meanwhile, China’s need for high-protein feed ingredients has increased sharply, so livestock producers boosted their U.S. DDGS purchases. As a result, shipments to China shot up from almost nothing in 2008 to more than 2 million metric tons in 2010.

Four Chinese DDGS manufacturers, who represent half of the domestic industry, claim they have lost significant sales due to the surge in U.S. origin DDGS sold at lower than market prices, and initiated an anti-dumping investigation.

为了回应调查，美国谷物委员会是负责开发美国大麦，玉米，谷物高粱及相关产品的出口市场的组织，已协调了有关感兴趣方面的整个行业注册过程。注册的截止日期是1月17日，在理事会上注册了68家公司。MOFCOM已开始调查这些感兴趣的公司的样本，并将在12月28日起开始日期的12月28日发出最终决定。

如果中国政府根据他们的调查得出的结论是，美国确实正在倾倒DDGS，则将对美国DDGS进口到中国征收惩罚性关税。

DDGS的临时关税可能早在2011年6月开始。预计中国将在12月28日之前对其发现做出决定，但如果需要，截止日期可能会延长六个月。

USGC贸易开发总监Rebecca Bratter与Feed & Grainto answer questions about the basis of the case, the MOFCOM’s method of investigation, and the potential outcomes and their impact on U.S. DDGS producers.

F＆G：What is the basis of the dumping claim being made by the domestic Chinese DDGS industry?

Bratter:China hadn’t made any significant purchases of corn from the United States, or anywhere, since 1995, and in the last year it bought 1.4 million metric tons of corn and nearly 3 million metric tons of DDGS.

在很短的时间内，这是一个非常重要的坡道。每当您看到产品的进口量从0到300万吨，它都会触发这样的调查。当一个国家进行反倾销调查时，他们说他们认为您的产品的销售正在损害其国内行业并造成财务伤害。

F＆G：USGC的回应是帮助美国公司注册为感兴趣的各方。成为一个有兴趣的一方意味着什么，为什么美国DDGS生产商这样做是有利的呢？

Bratter:注册为感兴趣的方的公司愿意合作调查。有兴趣的各方可能会选择也可能不会被调查以进行倾销。

Sixty-eight DDGS exporters registered through the USGC, and about 10 other companies registered on their own. It’s in the company’s best interest to register because they can qualify for lower, negotiated tariffs.

当中国人开始评估职责时，无论是初步的 - 在调查过程中的意思 - 还是在最终决心中，评估了不同级别的职责。一个级别是感兴趣的各方，在初步的基础上，这比您是一个非兴奋的政党更有利。未注册为感兴趣方的公司将属于称为“所有其他”的类别，这是可能的关税率最高的。

F＆G：How will the Chinese government investigate the interested parties in the United States?

Bratter:The case will proceed on two tracks, a dumping investigation covering the period from July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010, and an investigation of injury to the local industry during the period from Jan. 1, 2007, to June 30, 2010. The entire industry is investigated for injury, but only a sampling of firms is investigated for dumping.

注册过程完成后，中国当局开始了一个事实调查过程，其中包括对特定公司实践的调查。MOFCON将从注册感兴趣的各方完成的一系列问卷调查中获取有关公司实践的信息。USGC聘请了法律顾问，并代表整个行业回应了伤害问卷。

采样方法用于选择正在调查的倾销公司。MOFCON选择了三家公司，一家被取消资格，因此他们将继续调查其他两个选择。

F＆G：What are some potential outcomes of the MOFCOM investigation and what is the USGC doing to facilitate a positive ruling?

Bratter:最好的结果是中国政府没有发现任何受伤的证据，案件被撤销。最糟糕的结果是发现受伤和倾销，这将导致美国DDGS出口商的高关税。

我们的感觉是，这种情况可能是中国人了解美国DDGS行业的复杂性并了解中国买家的一种方式。USGC打算在中国正常运作，并继续我们的贸易关系，尽管这种情况发生了什么。

Right now, we’re working with lawyers to ensure we have enough information to make concrete statements about why we believe this situation is the normal flow of trade, and not necessarily dumping. Our goal is to encourage a resolution that focuses on the long-term U.S.-China trade relationship.