How to Plan for Grain Fires, Explosions Before They Happen

去年,National Grain and Feed Association (NGFA)发表了它NGFA消防手册：谷物处理设施和消防部门官员的操作员指南，旨在解决谷物电梯中的大火计划和打击。

The manual notes varied structures, layouts and commodities of grain handling facilities require that each facility create a独特的紧急防火计划。

Create an emergency plan

One thing all emergency plans should have in common is a pre-established relationship with first responders.

Whether a fire emergency allows for an orderly facility shutdown or requires a “cut-and-run” evacuation, maintaining control is possible.

制定紧急计划将帮助您和您的员工避免造成伤害和财产损失的混乱和错误；在紧急情况下与紧急响应者进行互动是这些计划的关键方面。

正如NGFA在其消防手册中指出的那样，谷物设施经理应意识到如何发生火力控制操作，将出现谁出现，可能出现什么问题以及在火灾或爆炸后使用哪些打捞程序。

Who's in charge?

在火灾紧急情况下，机构经理和负责消防官员共同努力，将大火控制在控制之下，并确保员工，消防员，媒体和观众的安全。一些州法律使消防官员负责消防，救援和公共安全。

The company and fire department should establish the appropriate roles of fire officials and facility management in preplanning meetings.

When arriving at the scene of a fire, the fire official in charge will establish a command post in an area outside the danger zone to direct and observe tactical operations. The facility manager should be involved actively in an advisory, cooperative capacity and provide assistance where and when needed.

消防局长和经理（或他或她的指定人）都应概述他们控制火灾紧急情况的主要目标和行动，例如协助受伤的人员，营救被困的工人，夺取了人数并装有大火。

为额外的消防部门设备和人员建立一个舞台区域。额外的船员应留在登台区域，以接收有关人力和设备的命令哨所的订单。

培训您的员工

The facility’s emergency action plan should list the actions and responsibilities to be taken by employees.

现场设施经理应确认所有适当的任务已完成，包括：

• Meeting the fire command officer upon their arrival at the site and making sure a responsible facility employee is available throughout the firefighting effort to coordinate and assist
• 迅速服用员工人数并向他们报告，以便在需要时可以开始救援行动
• Secure the facility area, all entrances, and all exits
• Initiate and maintain contact with relatives of missing employees
• Monitor the status of power, water and gas utility (on, off, portable generators, etc.)
• Have facility employees or security personnel keep spectators under control; only emergency officials and approved employees should be allowed on the scene
• 公司发言人正在向媒体提供简报
• Mutual aid arrangements and plans for cranes, helicopters, etc., are in place

与其他外部机构联络

Besides fire department crews, paramedics and ambulance services, there might be other agencies or groups responding to the disaster or emergency call. Representatives of any of the following groups may be present at a fire or explosion scene:

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (state or federal)
• Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
• 消息media (newspapers, TV crews, radio, etc.)
• 社会服务团体（红十字会，救世军等）
• 地方灾难或民防机构
• Coast Guard and port officials
• 执法
• Insurance officials

危机沟通计划与紧急计划并驾齐驱

Facility management should consider developing acrisis communications plan与外部机构和媒体一起，然后向员工简要介绍公司的政策。

公司应考虑将单个发言人指定为提供事实信息。

在发布之前，设施经理或事件指挥官从发言人那里清除所有信息。

No outside personnel should be allowed in the immediate fire area or danger zone. Have the company spokesperson brief all press and outside agencies at a proper staging area. Anyone needing to contact the facility manager or the incident commander should obtain clearance through the command post.

NGFA firefighting safety manual

NGFA专注于“改变工作场所安全文化”，通过在每年处理谷物的每个设施和农场中建立一种安全文化，并可能每年挽救与谷物相关的事件中惨败的生命。

补充一套已经健壮的安全培训材料，可在ngfa.org/safety，NGFA于2021年发表了“消防手册：谷物处理设施和消防部门官员的操作员指南”。

Visitngfa.org/safety有关更多详细信息或下载手册。

-Lisa Cleaver